![]() ![]() Both the ER and EPR papers were initially judged as marginal works of the great E. The story of the holographic wormhole traces back to two seemingly unrelated papers published in 1935: one by Einstein and Rosen, known as ER, the other by the two of them and Boris Podolsky, known as EPR. We’re trying to understand it.” Into the Wormhole “I think it is true that gravity in our universe is emergent from some quantum in the same way that this little baby one-dimensional wormhole is emergent” from the Sycamore chip, Jafferis said. It’s debatable whether the experiment furthers the hypothesis that the space-time we inhabit is also holographic, patterned by quantum bits. Crucially, the holographic wormhole in the experiment consists of a different kind of space-time than the space-time of our own universe. Opinions will differ about the fundamental implications of the result. The holographic principle says that the two realities - the one with the wormhole and the one with the qubits - are alternate versions of the same physics, but how to conceptualize this kind of duality remains mysterious. While it can be considered “a filament of real space-time,” according to co-author Daniel Jafferis of Harvard University, lead developer of the wormhole teleportation protocol, it’s not part of the same reality that we and the Sycamore computer inhabit. To be clear, unlike an ordinary hologram, the wormhole isn’t something we can see. ![]() “You can think of the system in a very different language as being gravitational.” The evolving system of qubits in the Sycamore chip “has this really cool alternative description,” said John Preskill, a theoretical physicist at Caltech who was not involved in the experiment. Indeed, the new experiment confirms that quantum effects, of the type that we can control in a quantum computer, can give rise to a phenomenon that we expect to see in relativity - a wormhole. Space-time and gravity emerge from quantum effects much as a 3D hologram projects out of a 2D pattern. It says the bendy space-time continuum described by general relativity is really a quantum system of particles in disguise. ![]() The holographic principle, ascendant since the 1990s, posits a mathematical equivalence or “duality” between the two frameworks. Physicists have strived since the 1930s to reconcile these disjointed theories - one, a rulebook for atoms and subatomic particles, the other, Einstein’s description of how matter and energy warp the space-time fabric, generating gravity. The experiment can be seen as evidence for the holographic principle, a sweeping hypothesis about how the two pillars of fundamental physics, quantum mechanics and general relativity, fit together. When Spiropulu saw the key signature indicating that qubits were passing through the wormhole, she said, “I was shaken.” With this first-of-its-kind “quantum gravity experiment on a chip,” as Spiropulu described it, she and her team beat a competing group of physicists who aim to do wormhole teleportation with IBM and Quantinuum’s quantum computers. The team, led by Maria Spiropulu of the California Institute of Technology, implemented the novel “wormhole teleportation protocol” using Google’s quantum computer, a device called Sycamore housed at Google Quantum AI in Santa Barbara, California. By manipulating the qubits, the physicists then sent information through the wormhole, they reported today in the journal Nature. The wormhole emerged like a hologram out of quantum bits of information, or “qubits,” stored in tiny superconducting circuits. Physicists have purportedly created the first-ever wormhole, a kind of tunnel theorized in 1935 by Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen that leads from one place to another by passing into an extra dimension of space. ![]()
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